الجمعة، 28 سبتمبر 2012

Definition of the ancient Egyptian civilization













Meh is an ancient civilization in the north-east Africa, Ancient Egypt was based on the banks of the Nile River in what is now the Arab Republic of Egypt. Began Egyptian civilization around the year 3150 BC. M., [1] when united pharaoh first Upper and Lower Egypt, and evolved after that for the past three millennia later. [2] included historically a series of kingdoms politically unstable, punctuated by periods of relative stability are called periods medium . Ancient Egypt reached Dhirot civilization in the era of the modern state, and then entered the country in the period of slow decline. Attacked Egypt in that period by several foreign powers, and officially ended the rule of the Pharaohs when the Roman Empire invaded Egypt and made it one of its provinces. [3]Derived success of ancient Egyptian civilization in the ability to adapt to the conditions and Nile River Valley. And helped flood forecasting and control of the damages in the production of agricultural crops and ample contributed to the social and cultural development. The authorities With the availability of materials needed to exploit minerals in the valley and desert areas surrounding it, and has developed a writing system independently, and organized construction of collective and agricultural projects, as well as for trade with the surrounding areas, and strengthen the military forces of the military defense against enemies abroad and confirm dominance Pharaonic the country. He was organizing these activities and encouraging them is through a selection of bureaucrats and religious leaders, and administrators under the control of the pharaoh who was keen on cooperation and unity for the Egyptians in the context of an elaborate system of religious beliefs. [4] [5]

Achievements of the ancient Egyptians included quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building of massive pyramids, temples and obelisks, in addition to the system practical and effective mathematics in medicine. And irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, and first known ships, [6] and Egyptian faience and painting on glass technology, and new forms of literature, and the first known peace treaty. [7] left ancient Egypt lasting legacy. Copied and imitated and civilization of Egyptian art and architecture on a large scale in the world, and quoted effects to distant parts of the world. The ruins and remains inspired the imagination of travelers and writers for centuries, and led discoveries at the beginning of the modern era on the effects of Egyptian excavations to scientific research of Egyptian civilization manifested in science called Egyptology, and greater appreciation of their cultural heritage in Egypt and around the world

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